How is a high performance airplane defined?

A high-performance airplane is specifically defined as one that has a piston engine rated over 200 horsepower. This classification is based on the aircraft's capability to perform at a higher level than standard aircraft, particularly in terms of speed and climb performance due to its more powerful engine.

The rationale behind this definition is that a greater horsepower allows for increased performance characteristics, making it necessary for pilots to undergo additional training and receive specific endorsements before they are authorized to operate such aircraft. This requirement ensures that pilots are adequately prepared to handle the unique handling characteristics and performance capabilities that accompany high power levels.

The other options relate to various features of aircraft, such as engine type, altitude capabilities, or landing gear configurations, which do not directly correlate to the distinct definition of high performance related to engine power.